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RO Membrane Cleaner Users' Manual
1. Membrane fouling
After the membrane separation system operating for a period of time, floating substances and other hardly soluble solid substances in the water will condense on membrane surface, thereby fouling the membrane and impeding water flow. The most familiar scales include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, metals (iron, manganese, copper, nickel and aluminium), oxides, silica sediments, organic or inorganic sediment compounds, NOM natural organic substances, organic compounds (such as antiscalant/dispersant, cation polyelectrolyte), microorganism (algae, leaf mold, epiphyte). Moreover, the accumulation of scales underneath the membrane surface will increase the amount of soluble substance passing through the membrane, thus lowering the quality of RO permeate.
The nature of foulants and the speed of fouling are closely related to conditions of feed water. Fouling is an inevitable and slow process and it will result in the decline of RO permeate and desalinization ratio as well as the increase in differential pressure of the RO system. Early and timely cleaning of membrane components can prevent unrecoverable damages to the membrane.
Periodic inspection of the whole system is a good way to find out the degree of fouling. Different foulants have different effects on the membrane. Below is a table of possible membrane fouling causes and symptoms:

Table 1 RO Troubleshooting Matrix

* Pressure Drop is defined as the Feed pressure minus the Concentrate pressure.

2. Removal of Foulants
Before the quality of permeate degrades or membrane damages, foulants should be removed. Cleaning should take place when the following cases occur:
· Under regular pressure, permeate is 10-15% lower than its standard value.
· In order to keep the regular flow of the permeate, feed water pressure increases by 10-15% after temperature adjustment.
· Desalinization ratio of permeate declines by 10-15%.
· RO permeate electrical conductivity increases by 10-15%.
· Feed water pressure increases by 10-15%.
· Differential pressure increase distinctly at every stages f RO system.

Application
1. Feed point
This cleaner should be used together with membrane cleaning equipment supplied by RO system manufacture.
If your company does not possess cleaning equipment, please contact GOLDTON CHEM. local sales representatives.
2. Dosing
GOLDTON CHEM. supplies customers with Dosage Projection Software. GOLDTON engineers can also help decide the dosage which is about 1-3% of the volume of liquid in the cleaning system, which includes cleaning tank, pipes, filters, the membrane, ect.
3. Dilution
GOLDTON™ cleaners must be diluted in the cleaning tank before entering membrane system. The dilution ratio for GOLDTON™ GTCâ„?K100/K300/KP100/KP300 is usually 1:45, that is,1 liter of cleaner mixes with 45 liters of high-quality RO permeate to produce cleaning mixture; the ratio for GOLDTON™ GTCâ„?K200 is 1:9, that is, 1 liter of cleaner mixes with 9 liters of RO permeate.

4. General Cleaning Instructions
Circulate prepared cleaning mixture around concentrate at low pressure and high flow with the membrane elements in pressure tubes. For the optimum cleaning procedure for your system, contact your GOLDTON CHEM. representative. The general cleaning instructions are as follows:

· Inspect cleaning tank, hoses, and cartridge filters. Clean tank and flush hoses if necessary. Install new cartridge filters.

· Fill cleaning tank with RO permeate or DI water. Turn on agitator or tank recirculation pump.

· Slowly add GOLDTON™ cleaner to cleaning tank and allow mixing thoroughly.

· Check solution temperature. If solution temperature is lower than recommended level, adjust heating control to provide optimum temperature. However, the maximum temperature allowed is 40� If manufacture’s recommendation is not available, contact your GOLDTON CHEM representative.

· Check solution pH. The solution pH should be in the specified range of each product or as recommended by the membrane manufacturer.

Caution: GOLDTON™ GTCâ„?K200/K300/KP300 generates foams. As a result the return pipe of the cleaning system should be below the level surface of cleaning tank.

· Circulate solution through one stage at a time for 30-60 minutes (or at a preset period).

· Pressure and flow during cleaning should follow the levels recommended by membrane or RO system manufacturer. If recommendation is not available, contact your GOLDTON representative. Pressure should always be less than 0.42Mpa. Flows during cleaning:

§ 4 inch membrane flow: 34-38L/min
§ 6 inch membrane flow: 57-76L/min
§ 8/8.5 inch membrane flow: 133-151 L/min

· In case of heavy fouling on membrane surface, soaking may be necessary. Circulate solution for 1 hour and then soak the membrane in the solution for 1-2 hours before re-circulating of solution for another 30 minutes.

· In case of heavy fouling, the first return flow (up to 15% of the cleaning tank volume) should be diverted to drain to prevent re-deposition of removed solids.

· For optimum results, each stage must be cleaned separately in a multistage system.

· If solution pH or temperature moves out of the recommended range, a new solution should be prepared.

· After finishing cleaning, discharge solution from the cleaning tank and fill then tank with RO permeate which is circulated in the RO system for at least 30 minutes.

· Rinse RO system with feed water while product water and feed water discharge valves open (Max. pressure is 0.42Mpa) for 1 hour (Caution: high-pressure pump must be turned off).

· When returning unit to service, divert product water to drain until any residual cleaning solution has been rinsed from system (for 15-30 minutes usually and with high-pressure pump turned on).

Professional Advices

1. Cleaning of the membrane should take place when membrane fouling takes place; before system is shutdown for a long period; during regular maintenance. Foulant-removal cleaning depends on the extent of fouling while regular maintenance cycle ranges from 3 to 12 months.
2. For maximum effectiveness, a two-stage cleaning procedure is recommended: mineral scales removal by low pH cleaning and then organic substance removal by high pH cleaning.
3. The cleaner pH value should be kept between 2.0 and 12.0, or else RO membrane will be damaged, especially when temperature is high. Ammonia and NaOH can be used to increase pH; vitriol and hydrochloric acid can be used to lower pH.
4. Under no circumstances, should membrane come into contact with water having free chlorine, or else the performance of membrane will decline. After cleaning the pipe and RO system with biocides, please make sure the feed water for RO membrane does not contain free chlorine. Acidic solution can be used to neutralize residual chlorine. When doing so, please allow sufficient time for the neutralization to complete.
5. Avoid using cation surfactant which can result in unrecoverable pollution of the membrane.
6. Increase the temperature of cleaner will accordingly increase cleaning effectiveness, but the maximum temperature allowed is 40â„?
7. Corrosion-resistant equipment, such as PVC, should be used for the storage and preparation of cleaning solution.

Safety Precautions
Before use, please read carefully product’s label and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) which contain detailed information about the products.